medical science
and health
What is a healthy lifestyle?
●Physical health: caring for the body, including a balanced diet and exercise, good posture and good higiene.
●Social wellbeing/ Mental health: having good relationships with other people, self respect, self steem.
Both of these are important for a healthy lifestyle
Health problems can be caused by injuries or by diseases/illnesses.
Ilnesses/Diseases and symptoms
●When the body does not work properly, it has an illness
●Illnesses have symptoms, or things that show that the illness is there (e.g., fever, headache, runny nose, pain, irritated skin)
●Doctors study disease symptoms by measuring our temperature, sending us for laboratory tests (simple of blood or urine), and using X-rays, ecography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Types of illness/diseases
●Infectious illnesses are often caused by microscopic living organisms (bacteria, fungi or protozoa) or viruses. Types:
●Contagious: Cold, flu
●Non contagious: tetanus, salmonella poisoning.
●Non-infectious illnesses are caused by other factors such as by poisoning, mental illness, accidents, allergies, organ malfunction, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inherited congenital problems, or poor nutrition
●Chronic illnesses are ones that last a very long time
●Acute illnesses appear rapidly and last a short time
Types of treatments
●Vaccines stimulate the body to fight the infectious agent. They are medical preparations that contain weak or dead pathogens of a disease.
●Medicines are substances that prevent or cure (stop, kill) illnesses.
●Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections. They do not cure viral infections.
●Surgery is a medical procedure that uses incisions (cuts) to change the body and stop disease.
●Organ transplant. If an organ is damaged, it can be replaced.
●Some people donate their organs when they die, and these are used to save the lives of people with damaged organs.
Public health and medical research
●Measures to protect the health of the general population:
●Public hygiene: clean drinking water, efficient rubbish collection, quality of food.
●Publich health campaigns: through education and communication.
●Medical search: let a better understanding of how the human body works, the improvement of analytical equipment, surgical techniques and medicines.
Help others with first aid
●First aid is the set of basic steps to help someone with a medical problem or injury.
●In an emergency, taking care of a medical problem quickly can be critically important
●For example, if you cut yourself at school, wash the cut well with soap and water